¿Dónde han ido a parar los islamistas?
The young peddler Tunisian triggered when burned in public revolt reminiscent of Vietnamese Buddhist monks in 1963 or Jan Palach in Czechoslovakia in 1969, some acts of nature exactly opposite of suicide bombings that are Current trademark of Islamic terrorism.
Even in this sacrificial act has not been any religion: any green or black turban, white robe, no, no Allah Akbar!, Nothing appeals for jihad. Attempts have been made, however, an individual protest, despair and absolute, without a word about heaven or salvation. In this case, suicide was the last act of freedom led to embarrass the dictator and urge people to react. It was a call to life, not death.
successive demonstrations in the streets, not invoked an Islamic state, nor the white shrouds protesters got off the bayonets, and in Tehran in 1978. No reference to the sharia or Islamic law. And, most surprising, no "down U.S. imperialism!". The hated regime was perceived as indigenous as the result of fear and passivity, and not as the puppet of French or American neo-colonialism, despite the endorsement had been obtained by the French political elite.
Instead, the demonstrators demanded freedom, democracy and multi-party elections. Put simply, they wanted to be free from the ruling family kleptocratic ("dégage!", Or "Clear!" Has been the popular French expression used as a slogan).
Muslim in this society nothing has been revealed about "Islamic exceptionalism." And finally, when the real Islamist leaders have returned from exile in the West (sí, estaban en Occidente, no en Afganistán ni en Arabia Saudí) estos, como Rachid Ghanuchi, han hablado de elecciones, Gobierno de coalición y de estabilidad, al tiempo que mantenían un bajo perfil.
¿Han desaparecido los islamistas?
No. Pero, al menos en África del Norte, muchos de ellos se han convertido en demócratas. Es verdad que grupos marginales han seguido la senda de una yihad global y nómada, y que vagabundean por el Sahel en busca de rehenes, pero no cuentan con el apoyo real de la población. Esa es la razón por la que se han ido al desierto.
Sin embargo, esos salteadores de caminos siguen estando considerados por los Gobiernos occidentales como una strategic threat it difficult to design a long-term policy. Other Islamists have simply given up politics and have been stuck at home to follow a pious and conservative, but apolitical lifestyle. Like their women, have put a burka their lives.
But the bulk of former Islamists have reached the same conclusion as the generation that founded the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey: there is no third way between democracy and dictatorship. There is only dictatorship and democracy.
This recognition of the failure of political Islam has coincided with the mood of this new generation of protesters in Tunisia. The new Arab generation is not motivated by religion or ideology, but by the desire for a peaceful transition to a decent government, democratic and "normal." Just want to be like everyone else. The revolt Tunisian
helps clarify a fact about the Arab world: the terrorism that we have seen in recent years, a utopian millennialism, not from real societies in the Middle East. It is much easier to find in the West Islamic radicals in these countries.
course, the picture differs from one country to another. Posislamista generation is more visible in North Africa en Egipto o Yemen, por no hablar de Pakistán, que es un país que se derrumba. Pero en todo el Oriente Próximo árabe, la generación que está liderando la protesta contra la dictadura no tiene un carácter islámico.
Eso no quiere decir que no queden grandes desafíos a los que enfrentarse. De hecho, son muchos: cómo encontrar líderes políticos que puedan estar a la altura de las expectativas populares; cómo evitar los escollos de la anarquía; cómo reconstruir los vínculos políticos y sociales que han sido deliberadamente destruidos por los regímenes dictatoriales y reconstruir una sociedad civil.
Pero hay al menos una cuestión inmediatamente suscitada por Tunisian revolution.
why the West continues to support most of the dictatorships of the Middle East even when the democratic wave shakes the region? In the past, of course, the answer has been that the West has seen in authoritarian regimes the best bulwark against Islamism.
That was the hidden reason for their support to the cancellation of elections in Algeria in 1990, it became a blind eye to the siding of the Egyptian elections and that they ignore what the Palestinians elected in Gaza.
In light of the Tunisian experience this approach has to be rechecked. First, because those regimes are no longer a bulwark reliable. Could simply fall apart at any time. Secondly, against which is a stronghold if the new generation is posislamista and pro-democracy? Similarly
Tunisia has been a turning point for the Arab world also needs to be a turning point in Western policy towards the region. The realpolitik today means supporting democratization in the Middle East
(EL PAIS di Olivieri Roy 05/02/2011)
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